The extension of the strip of material at each step is its increase of length from its unloaded length.Whereas deformation that compresses an object is compressive.Deformation that stretches an object is tensile.The elasticity of a solid material is its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or distorted and the forces that deformed it have been released.Elastic potential energy stored in a stretched spring =.If the spring is suddenly released, the energy stored in it is suddenly transferred into kinetic energy of the spring. Elastic potential energy is stored in a stretched spring.Therefore the Total extension = ΔL = ΔLP+ ΔLQ = W/KP +W/KQ = W/K.Where KP and KQ are the spring constants of P and Q.
This figure below shows a weight being supported by two springs joined end-on in series with one another.Since the weight W is supported by both springs:.Where KP, and KQ are the spring constants for both springs P and Q.The force needed to stretch Q, FQ=KQΔL.The extension ΔL of each spring is the same, therefore:.This shows a weight supported by two springs, P and Q in parallel with each other.If a spring is stretched past its elastic limit, it will not return to its initial length when the force applied is removed.Graph of F against ΔL is a straight line of gradient k through the origin.Greater the value of K, the stiffer the spring is.Hooke’s law states that the force needed to stretch a spring is directly proportional to the extension of the spring from its natural length.Volume of metal B = V(B) therefore the mass of the metal B = PbVb.Volume of metal A = V(A) therefore the mass of the metal A = PaVa.Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, that is resistant to corrosion and wear.An alloy is a solid mixture of two or more metals.Calculate the density of the object from mass/volume.Immerse the object on a tread in liquid in a measuring cylinder, and therefore observe the increase in the liquid level, the increase is the volume of the object.Measure the mass of the cylinder and liquid to enable the mass of the liquid to be calculated.Measure the mass of an empty measuring cylinder, add the liquid.Measure dimensions using vernier calipers or micrometer, and calculate volume.Measure its mass using a top pan balance.For a certain amount of substance of mass m and volume v, and density ρ:.Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit of volume.Dynamic - substances are constantly movingĥ. Osmotic equilibrium and Chemical disequilibriumĤa. The equilibrium and disequilibrium are in a _ stateĥ. Our bodies are electrically _ but as result of ionic _, we are in a state of electrical _Ĥ. Our bodies are in a state of _ equilibrium and _ disequilibriumģ. Fluid that surrounds the cell HOMEOSTASISĢ. wall of cells that separates the fluids that circulate and surrounds the cellĤb. Loss = excretion (urine, sweating, poop, breathing, and metabolism 3 FLUID COMPARTMENTSĤ. any substance in the body to be constant, any gain must be offset by a lossģc. body is an open system that exchanges heat and materials with the outside environmentģa. Function on principle of mass balance (3) 1. Organisms, Organ system, tissue, and cells carry out chemical and physical functionģ. The dependent variable is their urine output. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment? The independent variable is the amount of water the students drink. Students in the laboratory run an experiment in which they drink different volumes of water and measure their urine output in the hour following drinking. What is the drawback of having only a single control system (a heater) for maintaining aquarium water temperature in some desired range? If the aquarium water became overheated, there is no control mechanism for bringing it back into the desired range. To maintain mass balance, both metabolites must either be excreted or further metabolized. Glucose metabolism adds CO2 and water to the body, disturbing the mass balance of these two substances. Explain the effect of glucose metabolism on mass balance in the body. TERMS IN THIS SET (12) If a person eats 12 mg of salt in a day and excretes 11 mg of it in the urine, what happened to the remaining 1 mg? the remaining 1 mg of salt remains in the body Glucose is metabolized to CO2 and water.